The anti-smoking media campaign among adolescents

The anti-smoking media campaign among adolescents INTRODUCTION In the 20th century, smoking has been established as the leading cause of many preventable diseases (i.e. cancer) and deaths. Antismoking ads started in the 1967, when FCC required broadcasters to air one antismoking message for every three cigarette (Siegal 1998). At first these ads were free until it became effective to the audience that it eliminated the free advertisings. Throughout these years, it provided a worldwide dispute to health of the community. Liu reports: â€Å"Since Minnesota introduced the first paid anti-smoking media campaign in 1986, many other states have used a proportion of their cigarette excise tax revenue to fund large-scale anti-smoking advertisement through the mass media. Those media campaigns try to provide the public with health information about the harmful effects of smoking on health, and, therefore, change peoples smoking behavior, based on the theoretical hypothesis that more informed people are more likely to choose healthy lifestyle† (Liu 2009, p.29). Constantly, advertisers are creating advertisements, such as billboards, commercials and other interesting promotions, for anti-drugs and anti-smoking. It is found in many different places that can be simply seen by the public, preferably among adolescents and teenagers, to get their attention. For example, â€Å"Florida has reported that its Truth advertisements attacking tobacco firms are effective, on the basis of surveys showing 40% and 16% declines in smoking among middle and high school students in the state, respectively† (Penchman 1999, p.2). Recent studies have argued various points that these ads are not working for our city and future generations. Clearly, the government is clearly spending a lot of money for these advertisements but past presidents such as, George W. Bush, tempted with the idea to cut spending because of no concrete answer for a positive outcome. In addition, news media in different markets indicated that teenagers are using more marijuana because of these popular ads that they are constantly seeing in the media. For example, many adolescents feel that marijuana is fashionable drug among their peers because it is popular usage in media such as movies, commercials and many other outlets. Not all people involved in media have agreed with this statement. Others have disagreed with their counterparts and stated that these advertisements are actually working for many people. Research studies done in the past have proved that these advertisements have been a significant positive change for less use of drugs among society. Recently, these advertisements have been getting realistic to the point that it might scare potential users away. In addition, past surveys have been conducted which stated that majority of the people that seen these types of ads are trying to quit from destroying their health. Research studies that found some type of evidence for the success of these media campaigns such as, reducing cigarette consumption and drugs use among adolescents and adults shows that several governments have cut the spending on their control programs. The lost of funding has been in use in other areas such as the recent hit of the economic recession which could have a serious influence on the future success of antismoking and anti-drug control initiations. In addition, policy makers have stated that there is a lack of evidence that these messages are working. This topic brings back to the debate that these ads are producing cigarette use instead of stopping it. â€Å"Many researchers have different ideas on whether advertising for antismoking should be used for tobacco use prevention, which depends on both its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness† (Pechmann 1999, p.2). Currently, theyre no significant evidence that these ads are actually working media. Others are confused if these ads are wasting taxpayers money and not benefiting our society. â€Å"For instance, significant amount of research has been done on this topic and little conclusive evidence of a direct link between advertising-only interventions and reduced adolescent smoking dominance. However, I do agree there is an indirect evidence for the effectiveness of antismoking and antidrug advertising† (Pechmann 2003, p.16). â€Å"Mass communication media play such a significant role in contemporary society, that we could not conceive it without their presence† (Televisa). Since the introduction of media, smoking was brought into new heights and established new audience to attract. Tobacco companies have taken advantage of the media, which they have, supplied billions of dollars on advertising of tobacco. These companies make smoking glamorous, fun and â€Å"cool† to the public. Along with the advertising in media, many include general surgeon message, which is in fine print that many viewers do not notice the health concerns of the use of cigarettes. Recently there has been a surge of cancer among people that antismoking campaigns have been created to end or to put a stop on these glamorous ads and tobacco companies. The opposing ads demonstrated the negative aspects of smoking, which is mainly targeted for adolescents along with statistics on the mortality rate cause by smoking. Along wi th tobacco advertising, parents were another influenced for young adults to start smoking. The rival ads such (thetruth.com) started to use parents, whom do not smoke, as the anti-smoking and anti-drug gear towards the adolescents. Over the past seven years, television ads have gotten increasingly graphic and even gruesome. In recent months, television ads have gotten more graphical which has been taken a page from a horror movie. These ads are trying to hit an objective goal of having 20,000 smokers to stop the routine. In addition, New York City has raise up the prices on its pack of cigarettes up to $10. Along with habit, it is costing New Yorkers $250 a month just on smoking cigarettes which can use that money for other needs. The government wants to reduce people from smoking and its trying its best to achieve its goal. New York Officials claim that the ads are fighting â€Å"fire with fire† when comes to widespread cigarette advertising. For instance, â€Å"The National Cancer Institute reports cigarette manufacturers spend some $37 million a day on average to hawk their product, a whopping $13.5 billion per year† (Inbar). The message that these anti-smoking campaigns are doing is expressing that someone might suffer and die from smoking but also, it may wreck someones family. In the present-day, media depicts drug use and smoking as a popular craze to do. Televisions shows and movies depict drugs and smoking as a good habit and do not state any negative consequences on the use of it. Todays audience watches these shows and movies, which get the sense that smoking and using drugs is a â€Å"cool thing to do†. For example, HBOs television â€Å"Bored to Death† and 90s cult classic movie, â€Å"Half-Baked†, depicts characters that continuous smoking marijuana throughout the whole act. Throughout these programming, it does not stated any negative aspect from smoking marijuana but instead glamorous as a drug that can be use for relaxation. Television ads depict the negative aspects of marijuana and cigerrette use as someone whom can lose their concentration, vision and can cause serious damage to their brain cells. According to Variety, Triplett writes, â€Å"A senior lawmaker, Ed Markey (D-Mass.), wants more action from Hollywood against smoking, and the Motion Picture Association of America pledged to try opening a direct dialogue on the issue. Markey wants to ask MPAA topper Dan Glickman to improvise on the following: Including antismoking public service announcements on DVDs. Certifying that no one involved during a production received anything of value for using or displaying tobacco in the film and eliminating tobacco brand imagery from movies† (Triplett). If adolescents see their favorite actors or actresses smoking, it will lead them to believe that smoking is a good thing to do or not harmful. But these changes in the movie industry will try to eliminate smoking from their movie scenes to not influence anyone about smoking. It is great idea because many adolescents look up to these celebrities as role models. INTERVENTION The intervention to reduced smoking habits has been on the community and its two aims. The reasons for the campaigns are to highlight the dangers of smoking in terms of health and to reduce the amount smoked and potential smokers in the community. The statewide tobacco prevention and education campaign launched to target audience from ages 12-17 to inform them about the harsh realities of smoking. The campaign was created along with group of teen advisors whom themselves were smokers or knew someone that smoke to get the best perception to help succeed with these ads. The funds come from tobacco tax dollars that purpose is to be used for prevention efforts. The idea for this campaign is the let the audience know that smoking can be addictive and hard to quick. Not all of the campaigns are true, as it seems. For example, Baram writes about a famous controversial spokesperson for antismoking campaign but continue to smoke after he filmed a commercial about the harm that smoking can do for a human body. Baram writes: â€Å"Skip Legault, with his tale of two heart attacks, strokes and an amputated right leg, has become the star of anti-smoking posters and commercials blanketing New York since December. But the 48-year-old former repairman isnt getting the message Legault said he still smokes up to a full pack of Marlboros every day. I cant stop smoking, Legault told ABCNEWS.com. Ive been smoking since I was 8, and Im afraid to quit. ABC†. This case of Skip Legault made national headlines because of the issue of quitting smoking is much harder than it seems† (Baram 2008). Even, addictive smokers admit that it is hard. Many people believe that they can quit on their will but it is different. The chemicals drive these smokers to smoke more because of the addiction. A marketing campaign that has been successful in getting its message across is thetruth.com. The 1997 Settlement Act mainly funded the company. It has been the number one protestor against smoking. The anti-smoking campaign consists of several ways to reach to the massive amount of audience. Each way is to attract audience on the hazards that smoking can happen to an individual. The ads are in English and Spanish, which include television ads, radio ads, posters, cinema advertising, online media, social media, and Internet advertising and original websites. FUNDING Before 1988, mass media campaigns relied on free advertising through public service announcements or short-term funding for specific campaign (Siegal 1998). These ads were not aired during prime time, which made little progress towards reaching the mass audience. The ads were heavily dependant on donation of advertising time by broadcasters. In 1988, the use of mass media for antismoking changed by voters in California approved Proposition 99. This election required that tobacco companies donated 20% of their revenue for the state to provide educational programs and increased of the state cigarette tax by 25 cents. As Warner reports, â€Å"The purpose is to demonstrate that, with various combinations of policy changes, mass media information, and smoking cessation programs, smokers can be encouraged to stop smoking, and young people can be prevented from starting to smoke† (Warner 1982, pg.378) A court settlement that changed everything for antismoking media is 1997 settlement. The background begins,in August 1997, when the Florida Gov. Lawton Chiles made an historical out of court settlement among all tobacco companies at that time. The massive payout of $11.3 billion dollars is the considered the day that the straw that broke Joe Camels back† (Grossman 1997 p.290). This settlement led to the creation of thetruth.com whom is an advertising company that campaign against smoking. In addition, the money was used to compensate the state for public health costs caused by smoking-related illnesses.† The main goal of this settlement is to provide a way to lower down the use of cigarettes among young adults and give a helping hand to adults to quit smoking. The main idea of the settlement is to educate non-smokers about the effects of smoking and the harm of its chemicals. In â€Å"Cigarette Taxes†, Grossman reports that the agreement calls on tobacco companies to: Pay billions of dollars for a host of public education and health programs; Reimburse states for the cost of treating tobacco related illnesses; Set aside a multi-billion dollar fund to compensate smokers who win individual lawsuits against the tobacco companies; and Severely curtail marketing and advertising cigarettes, especially to teenagers. All of theses changes made a significant progress in the campaign against smoking. Since the settlement, smoking has been a decline for many users as they reported that the main reason to quit were due to the informercials and mass media adverstiing. The adversiting has faced some roadblocks in the process of succeeding. For example, in 1992, Gov. Wilson suspended Californias media campaign for other purposes. In 1995 and 1996, he censored and pulled other commercials that went against tobacco companies. The motivated behind this act still remains unsolved but it would not be surprise if he were supporting tobacco companies in some form of way. Another example, Siegal reports, in 1996, Assembly Speaker Curtis Pringle introduced a bill that would have restricted the media campaign to messages dealing with health and disallowed spots attacking the tobacco industry (Siegal 1998). TYPES OF CAMPAIGNS In March of 2009, the New York State Department of Health released ads for antismoking which cost $1.2 million from the states budget. The campaigns are featured in medical journals, newspapers and other publications such as the Internet. These ads are encouraging healthcare providers to make quitting a main concern with their patients who smoke. These ads were photo-shopped that featured images of patients with oversized ears to demonstrated that smokers are willing to listen from their doctors about the hazards of smoking. The reason for these ads is to attract healthcare workers because many adolescents go for their annual physical exam. Somehow, adolescents interact with doctors and nurses and are convincing to help these young adults to stop or before they start smoking. In earlier years of advertising, anti-smoking groups and health departments have attempted to oppose the advertising of tobacco by creating their own ads to emphasize the negative effects of smoking. The commercials included smoking cessation, the increased risk of lung cancer and other hazards problems that were seen passive for other public members. However, over the years, the ads have become more aggressive and more combative against smoking. Now these ads are focused on decreased physical attractiveness such as erectile dysfunction and graphical messages such as losing fingers and black lungs. These campaigns are much targeted to the younger crowd than its predecessor. Around the globe, smokers know that smoking tobacco is bad for their nature but they continue to do it regardless of their hazards that come along with it. Current smokers that I have met stated that the number one reason that they cannot stop smoking because of they are addicted to smoking and/or the use of tobacco. Many smokers are addicted to the scent and the nicotine, whom several years ago, the tobacco companies have tried to cover it up to make more money of it. Nicotine is a stimulant form of factor that has been considered one of the worst addictions to break compare to cocaine and heroin use. It is not the only chemical involved with cigarettes but along with 4,000 chemicals is involved which can make an individual much harder to quit. Aside from the fact that cigarette smoking can damage the health of the one smoking but it can also pose serious health risks to other people in the surrounding area. A person that smokes within distance can promote second hand smoke to his peers. This situation can lead to others to walk away from the venue and/or to move away from the entire scenery. Since Mayor Bloomberg was elected, he banned all types of smoking in nightclubs; restaurants and other public places to decrease second-hand smoke and increased businesses for these places that people avoided because of the tobacco smell. Smokers should be educated on their smoking can be to those people around them, including children. This is one of the reasons that anti-smoking campaigns focused on. The campaigners wanted to stop second hand in the neighborhood to prevent cancer and asthma. The campaign for the anti-smoking will try not to use propaganda but instead promote facts about the hazards of smoking. The posters for the campaign against smoking are with feature graphics that is within accepted limits for the culture that it is intended as not to attract negative publicity. The ads do not have any racist overtones or anything that will offend the mass public. The campaign was design to attract peoples attention regardless of race, color, age, and sex. The preferred approach for advertisers is arousing fear because nothing is as vivid as violence and nothing translates as to film as horror. The tendency of media to control against open-mindedness is one of the dominant themes in media criticism. The only aim of the campaign is to distribute as much promotional campaign against smoking as possible within a very limited area. In reference from thetruth.com, they have listed celebrities and well-known actors to get the message across to viewers that smoking is not â€Å"cool†. The anti-smoking group believes that having celebrities and other well-known faces will attract a bigger audience than having a request from the government and its surgeon general. There are several message theme labels that are use in anti-smoking advertising across the border. Based on Penchmanns recent research, â€Å"The message theme labels are the following: disease and death (Smokers suffer from health effects), endangers others, (second-hand smoke), cosmetics, (unattractive side effects), smokers negative life circumstances (loser lifestyle), refusal skills role model (role models do not smoke), marketing tactics (image advertising), selling disease and death (tobacco firms use manipulation and deception to sell a product that causes harm), and substantive variation (several messages use to spread one meaning)† (Penchmann 1994, p.240). Each message theme is use in their ways by marketers and campaigners. It has proved that all of them methods none have made the effort that the â€Å"shock method† has produce. Since 2007, the New York City Department of Health launched a series of anti-smoking campaigns which included smokers quit hotline and free nicotine patch and gum clinics in certain areas at certain times throughout the year. The television ads promoted the damage smoking can do to the body. These ads were noted for their graphic nature as well as their effectiveness. Since 2008, a second series of ads launched that can be seen nearly in every subway train station. It is about â€Å"Marie† a Hispanic Middle-Aged woman whom describes the amputations and pain she has undergone in relation to developing a disease that was the effects of smoking cigarettes. Each day routine smokers die from smoking related diseases each day. In a single cigarette 4700 cancer-causing chemicals are found which are have general surgeon messages pasted on the cigarette cartons. Despite the warnings, smokers continue to smoke. Some of these chemicals include acetone, ammonia, formaldehyde and arsenic. It is disgusting that people are putting these chemicals in their bodies and lungs daily. It is a suicide waiting to happen. Earlier times, Men were to consider smokers more than women. Times have changed and now more women smoke to deal with stress or problems. In addition, social influences such as friends and partygoers are most likely to smoke. Most modern women today will agree that the demand and multiple roles they have taken on have grown over the years. It is no small wonder that many have turned to cigarettes to deal with stress. EFFECTIVENESS Although the main goal of anti-smoking media campaigns is to quit smokers to quit smoking, little evidence suggests that the role of these campaigns are helping to stop. The campaigns can provide a new insight for young people such as non-smokers and those smokers wanting to quit to lead a normal life. These campaigns cost less money than sending someone to be hospitalized or suffer severe consequences because of smoking. It is a healthier and more prosperous future for our younger generation but not all of antismoking ads are effective. Research study has shown that the most successful campaigns are exposing the tobacco industrys manipulation on young adults; focus on themes of second hand smoke and cigarette addiction (Siegal 1998). Campaigns that simply say, â€Å"do not smoke† are the least successful because it not reinforcing adolescents to experience making decisions and the ability to grow up. For example, â€Å"most adolescents want to appear mature, independent, sav vy, attractive, and cool, and many think that not smoking will help them realize these goals. Smokers Negative Life Circumstances messages suggest that smoking is a barrier to achieving [these] goals (Penchmann 2003, p.10). These ads are effective in their own ways that likely to change someones thoughts on the idea of smoking. STATUS AND IMPACT The question is, â€Å"Does anti-smoking ads work?† It is a tough question to answer because there is no direct link that it does work. As Ms. Garcia, whom I interviewed, stated that â€Å"these aids are not working and the campaigners should find other ways to attract its audience.† The antismoking ads offer two ways that it can spread it messages. The messages are if a person smokes than that person would not succeed in life and if you do not smoke, you would be successful in life. The Tobacco remains one of the most widely abused substances. After writing this report and reading other research articles related to this topic, I found there is at least a connection with anti-smoking campaigns and decreased use of smoking among adolescents. For example, smoking is at historically low among groups of ages over 12 years old compared to the late 1990s when the campaign started. Many people believe because of the increased advertisements and its graphical nature has made i nfluenced in these changes. Most of the advertisements are found on during times that young adults are at home usually after school programming to get their attention. Before, it used to seen at various times of day. I believe it has made impact among our future generation and as long the government keeps pumping money into the campaign, I feel lower down smoking use but never fade it away. These ads had made an impact in society. When people are asked about these anti-smoking ads, their first impression is to mention the graphical nature that it has. Even younger adults have stated that, â€Å"if their lungs are going to turn black because of smoking, might as well not even start†. But not everyone agrees that these ads are effective, as it seems to be. For instance, Pearman Parker writes, They can [be effective], though, when they reinforce the perception that their close friends listen and respond to the campaigns.† In addition, Parker reports that the ads have been effective on younger teens but not towards adults. Parker writes, â€Å"Adults know it is unhealthy and knows what can happen to them but that does not change their behaviors.† Overall, anti-smoking has made big impact since 1998 with its â€Å"shock method†, it keep evolving and changing as time goes by. The ads that are picture in the campaign can be viewed as personal testimonials from smokers whom are having the negative side effects from smoking. In these ads, real people tell their own stories about the negative impacts that have cause throughout their lifetime. The main message to get across the audience is provide a sadness or fear mood. Teenagers are more bound to learn from personal testimonials because it provides some sort of realness to the picture of the negative effects of smoking. CONCLUSION: POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS According Penchmanns recent study done in 2002, â€Å"our findings to date suggest that tobacco-marketing (anti-industry) advertisement may not be especially effective with adolescents, though such advertisements are popular, in part because of the apparent success of the Florida Truth campaign.† It has been proven that The Truth Campaign has been the most successful in decreasing smoking habits among adolescents. Anti-smoking campaigns have other free options to promote their cause against smokers and the tobacco industry. The funds that the campaigners get can be use to provide free addiction clinics and research studies to help smokers on how to quit. As newspapers are fading away such as, their revenues have fallen 23% over the last two year (The State of News Media). Anti-smoking campaigns can push for interactive ways using social media and social networking. They can promote and advertise on MySpace, Twitter and Facebook to get users to join the campaign and give awaren ess of the health hazard on tobacco. For instance, social networking can reach to the other audiences especially to the crowd that attracts the most of its first-users are the adolescents. Another way of social media that antismoking campaigners can use is YouTube to gain more audiences. According to Hempel, â€Å"YouTube is the largest video platform in the world (Hempel 37).† People behind the campaign can run concepts such as viral campaigns with homemade videos. The adolescent group is the most users of social networking and the anti-smoking campaign can promote their product with graphical ads that can catch their eyes. Using social media will be a great way to interact with young adults. For example, using Facebook Connect, the creators can create an ad that collects the users information and create a video on the hazards of smoking tobacco with the information use of the viewer. Only the viewer will get to see the commercial ad to avoid controversy with others watching it unless the person wants to show to the mass. In conclusion, anti-smoking advertisements have been a great topic to cover throughout the research. It has its positives and negatives on certain areas that affect various groups throughout the New York State and the nation as a whole. Many researchers oppose that the campaign has not been working because of the massive funds that the government invested since the 1997 settlement. In addition, many campaigners agreed that the campaign is positively proceeding to a certain extent because of the decline of smoking users have gone down. The percentage is not big but it shows that it is effective. The question to answer is what is the status and impact on adolescents by the anti-smoking campaign? The status is the campaign is still trying to attract adolescents not to smoke and the impact has that many young adults have been listening to these ads especially of the shock method nature of it. Will it succeed to stop people from smoking? The true answer is no because of the addictive chem icals involved in tobacco will make smokers hard to quit. As Penchman writes, â€Å"It is conceivable that advertising that is ineffective on its own becomes effective when combined with other effort.† The campaign needs to develop a strategy to help people to quit. As Ms. Karp from MSNBC reports, that the Internet outlet is the best source to use to expand advertising strategy. For instance, withdrawal clinics, nicotine patches, non-for-profit outpatient treatment can help smokers in many places that the campaign is not helping. Overall, the anti-smoking is making an impact among all people and the status of campaign will become stronger because it is here to stay. Bibliography 2009 Join us in our Anti Smoking Campaign because Its Time To Quit Smoking Healthy Living on Shine. Astrology | Horoscopes, Celebrity Horoscopes, Chinese Astrology, Compatibility Tools, and Gift Guides on Shine. Web. 01 Nov. 2009. . Baram, Marcus. Star of Anti-Smoking Campaign Still Puffs. ABC News. 11 Jan. 2008. Web. . Note: The article helps me understand it is hard to quit smoking. The fellow interviewed in the article was seen in an antismoking ad early in the year but still smokes today. The author writes about the hardships of quitting smoking and advertisements are not what it seems to be. Berger, Arthur Asa. Media and Communication Research Methods. SAGE 2000. Pgs 3 173. CBC. Anti-smoking campaigns apparently have little effect on youth. CBC.ca. CBC News. Web. 01 Nov. 2009. . Note: The article is based from Alberta, Canada. This website was helpful because it gave a different point of view from the ant-smoking campaign. It helps me understand the two sides from the debate and on the reasons on why it is not working. Elhart, Mary. Statewide Anti-Smoking Campaign Takes New Approach in Curbing Teen Smoking | Reuters. Reuters.com. Arizona Department of Health Services Bureau of Tobacco Education Prevention, 16 Feb. 2009. Web. 01 Nov. 2009. . Note: The author of this article discusses new ways that the antismoking campaigns can evolve. The author mentions different areas where the campaign is lacking and to make it stronger to decrease smokers. Grohol, John. Scare or Disgust Work Best in Anti-Smoking Ads | Psych Central News. Psych Central. 17 Nov. 2008. Web. 01 Nov. 2009. . Note: Grohol discusses the â€Å"shock method† message that can be seen in antismoking advertising. It is helpful because it mentions different ads in their shock message. The shock method is one of the most effective techniques found in advertising. Grossman, Michael and Frank J. Chaloupka. â€Å"Cigarette Taxes: The Straw to Break the Camels Back† Public Health Reports (1974-), Vol. 112, No. 4 (Jul. Aug., 1997), pp. 290-297. Association of Schools of Public Health Hall, Nicholas G., John C. Hershey, Larry G. Kessler, R. Craig Stotts. â€Å"A Model for Making Project Funding Decisions at the National Cancer Institute† Vol. 40, No. 6 (Nov. Dec., 1992), pp. 1040-1052 Source: Operations Research,

12th Night Essay

Did Shakespeare’s characters get what they deserve? To what extent? The majority of Shakespeare’s characters did not get what they deserved in the end, there definitely is a strong scent of injustice that hangs in the air around Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night. This, however, does not mean that it made life harder for his characters. In quite a few cases, it actually leaves them better off. Nevertheless, this is not to say that they are not punished for their wrong deeds, sometimes in ways that are completely unfair.Shakespeare shows us painful truth of the injustice that exits within humanity. In the case of Malvolio, we are quick to act, but not to investigate. We also learn that love can fix many things, but it can also tear them apart, as we see with Olivia, Orsino, Sebastian and Viola. Also, as seen through the character of Antonio, bad things can be forgotten if a good enough deed replaces it. As many of us know, humanity is infamous for their willingness to ju dge and act against a person before they fully investigate the situation; Malvolio is just one example of this.We are aware that Malvolio did treat others in a derogatory manner, â€Å"Go hang yourselves all! You are idle, shallow things; I am not of your element,† – Malvolio, Act 3 Scene 4. He never actually incapacitated anyone; he never broke the law or strayed from his duties. He was simply just a spiteful individual and did not deserve to be imprisoned in a cage for however many hours of his life. I feel that this was an extreme measure and in the end, it may have inflicted more anger and discourtesy towards Sir Andrew, Sir Toby and Maria, reversing the entire effect their ‘plan’ was intended to make.When the truth was eventually exposed, and Malvolio freed after facing an invalid punishment, he was understandably furious, proclaiming, â€Å"I’ll be revenged on the whole pack of you! † – Malvolio, Act 5 Scene 1. Perhaps this was a harsh act of karma, all we know is that Olivia was quick to accuse him without further evidence, proving that for once and for all that humanity is unjust. Twelfth Night is a romantic comedy, and romantic love is the play’s main focus. Despite the fact that the play offers a happy ending, in which the various lovers find one another and are married, Shakespeare shows that love can cause pain.Many of the characters seem to view love as a kind of curse, a feeling that attacks its victims suddenly and disruptively. Various characters claim to suffer painfully from being in love. At one point, Orsino describes love miserably as an â€Å"appetite† that he wants to satisfy and cannot, Act 1 Scene 1; at another point, he calls his desires â€Å"fell and cruel hounds,† Act 1 Scene 1. Olivia more bluntly describes love as a â€Å"plague† from which she suffers terribly, Act 1 Scene 5. These metaphors contain an element of violence, further painting the love-struc k as victims of some random force in the universe.Even the less melodramatic Viola sighs unhappily that â€Å"My state is desperate for my master’s love,† Act 2 Scene 2. This desperation has the potential to result in violence, as in Act 5 scene 1, when Orsino threatens to kill Cesario because he thinks that Cesario has abandoned him to become Olivia’s lover. Love is also exclusionary: some people achieve romantic happiness, while others do not. At the end of the play, as the happy lovers celebrate, Malvolio is prevented from having the objects of his desire.Malvolio, who has pursued Olivia, must eventually face the realization that he is a fool, socially undeserving of his noble mistress. Love, therefore, cannot overcome all obstacles, and those whose desires go unfulfilled remain no less in love but feel the sting of its absence even more severely. Sometimes in life, we can make up for our crimes, merely by doing respectable deeds instead. This is what Shakesp eare demonstrates for us through the character of Antonio. We become conscious that Antonio’s past is shadowed with unlawful activity when he voices to Sebastian of â€Å"many his enemies in Orsino’s court,† Act 2 Scene 3.Nevertheless, he still follows Sebastian, showing courage and loyalty. He then defends Viola (Dressed as Cesario but identical to Sebastian) from Sir Toby and Sir Andrew, bringing himself to the attention of the officers, who recognise him from his shady past and drag him away. Yet it is when Orsino sees him and Viola takes Antonio’s side, reimbursing the favour he did for her, that Orsino concludes that Antonio is free to go, insisting that he is a, â€Å"Notable pirate† and wonders how he, â€Å"Hast made thine enemies? Act 5 Scene 1. So he is pardoned of all of his corrupt deeds, purely because he was kind and displayed courage and determination. As a result, it is quite clear that no one in Twelfth Night truly gets what he or she deserves. Shakespeare’s plays are just as unjust as the world itself, perhaps this is why we love to read and watch his works, we can relate to them. Twelfth Night has helped to show me just how one-sided life can be, but also that that unfairness can also work in my favour.

Health Essay Topics - the Conspiracy

Health Essay Topics - the Conspiracy Of course, when you were given a very clear undertaking to write on a certain topic you won't need to wreck your brains searching for something exciting and crucial to dwell on. Okay, now you have the fundamentals about how to opt for an informative essay topic, let's dig into some terrific ideas! As it's such a huge subject, you are going to want to narrow your paper down to a particular angle. The title of your paper will demonstrate the audience what they should anticipate from the remainder of the assignment. Luckily, you have our top-class group of writers who can assist students and teach them how to select the most suitable essay direction. Lies You've Been Told About Health Essay Topics Describe the discipline of biotechnology and the way it has impacted the subject of health science. Since there are lots of unique regions of health science, the forms of careers are equally as numerous. Without cleanliness, it is extremely hard to maintain proper wellness. Great health is the true wealth means money that has capability to help us always. The Benefits of Health Essay Topics There are five chief components of... Obesity in children Introduction Childhood obesity is a big problem not just nationally but locally also. You might also think about focusing on several different strategies to take care of either disorder. Very good health assists in staying fit and steer clear of some diseases and sicknesses. Anorexia is among the most famous health disorders. The New Fuss About Health Essay Topics Healthy folks are usually active and are in a position to perform their day-to-day activities. Some people believe public health is a the duty of the government even though others believe that individuals ought to be accountable for their own wellbeing. Others however feel that governments should make certain that their citizens have a wholesome diet. Although some individuals believe governments should be lia ble for improving the wellness of their nation, others believe it's up to the person. In many decades, you are going to be a Doctor of Science. The significance of research in persuasive writing can't be overstated. Health policy essay topics are most often assigned to university students, and it's particularly important to produce a good one. Feel free to pick a topic you will delight in writing about and not just one which you think will please your professor. Health Essay Topics Ideas How people will act if there is not going to be any rules in any respect. Additionally, there are many proponents and opponents of the issue. The doctors utilize several tests to detect the issue. In summary, health is a significant personal matter. Fantastic wellness, however, give rise to the emotional well-being and happiness of somebody. A great health lessens the stress level and promotes healthy life with no sufferings. Health and fitness is the combo of healthful living with hea lthy way of life. Maintaining excellent health keeps one away from psychological problems like stress. Health Essay Topics Ideas Some folks think it is the responsibility of people to manage their own wellness and diet. Many distinctive regions of health science often interact to give health and medical services to patients. Health information programs offer general wellness info and are not a replacement for diagnose or treatment by a doctor or other health care professional. So, both students of medical care programs and students of any other specialty may have a task to compose an essay on health topic. There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. Exactly like with other kinds of essays, a functional outline is vital. Explaining how to spend less by employing open-source texts and internet textbook rental websites would result in an extremely informative essay. What to Expect From Health Essay Topics? Another fac et of health psychology is how folks get sick since they hold grudges or due to emotional hurt due to family or friends. Our life is about words. It is tough to speak about health for a whole in the context of academic writing. Because of the strain and eating disorders, many men and women worldwide have sleep difficulties, and can't get to bed without surfing the web, watching a movie or simply thinking thoughts. Being fit ought to be our very first purpose of living a healthful lifestyle. Other people believe that it improves creativity and productivity at work. In such a busy life and polluted environment, it is extremely challenging for all to keep up a very good wellness and live healthful life. Click the read more to get There is lots of heated debate on several health issues not just in usa, but also in different sections of the world. Everybody understands that fantastic medical experts are valued extremely high in the United States of america. The meaning of the majority of common saying health is wealth is extremely easy and uncomplicated. It's correct it to maintain a great health we need money and to make money we need great wellbeing. Your essay might incorporate the explanations for teen pregnancy and talk about the recent rates of teen pregnancy and potential solutions. Think of what you know. The issue, nevertheless, is that not all businesses can be relied upon in order to deliver quality essays on time so you need to be mindful in selecting one.

National Prohibition Was Loved By Many And Hated By Others

National Prohibition was loved by some and hated by others. According to Reverend Floyd W. Tomkins national Prohibition was a utilitarian necessity that America needed. Tomkins recognized the â€Å"menace of intoxicating drink to the peace and safety of a community.† His view was that the consumption of alcohol could not be done in moderation and could not be confined to dive establishments. Tomkins saw alcohol as an infections disease that infiltrated peoples family’s and homes which in turn ruined their lives. Manufacturing businesses were also generally in favor of Prohibition. General manager N.G. Spangler of The Jackson Iron and Steel Co. reaped the benefits that came from nationwide alcohol banning. Spangler elaborates on how Prohibition†¦show more content†¦These men were more focused on their family and improving their lives and planning for their family’s future. Prohibition also received praise from the citizens. It was an act of sacrificing their own desires, because â€Å"it has made very difficult the acquisition by them of the means wherewith to satisfy their destructive thirst.† In combining these opinions one can conclude that Prohibition despite the opposition it faces that it had thus been successful and was there to stay. The utilitarian perspective of Prohibition supports the belief that the enactment of the 18th Amendment was a triumph for society. During the same year as Tomkins, W. H. Stayton, member of the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment published a rebuttal to the argument of the 18th Amendment being a positive addition to the American legislature. Stayton realizes the dangers of excessive drinking but identifies Prohibition as an experiment by a legislature that has a distorted vision. Rather than banning liquor manufacturing Stayton suggests that there be an investigation into why excessive drinking occurs in order to control the source. Stayton believes that rather than having a n absolute prohibition there should be regulation and restriction. His article seeks to answer the questions as to if national prohibition laws had thus far accomplished d their purpose? Are there any benefits? The original intent of the Prohibition laws was to stop the use of

Is Energy Consumption A Major Challenge For Most Countries...

Nowadays energy consumption has become a major challenge for most countries all over the world in terms of efficient utility and environment protection. Most negative effects, such as air pollution, destruction of landform, disturbance of ecological balance and climate change, could be attributed to massive use of fossil fuel. At the same time, fossil fuel resource, which accumulated for billions years on earth, would be running out in a short term under such unlimited consumption. â€Å"The Stone Age didn’t end for lack of stone, and the oil age will end long before the world runs out of oil.† (Sheikh Zaki Yamani, 1970s) Despite facing the same challenge as other countries, Australia keeps her track of development in a designing route by a high-proportion fossil fuel consumption during recent decades. In 2013-2014, the fossil fuel such as coal, oil and gas, took 94.1% part of whole energy consumption, on the other hand, 5.9% part of renewable energy could even be ignored. (Australian energy statistics, 2015) However, there is almost no doubt that to replace fossil fuel consumption with non-fossil fuel energy is the inevitable trend of future ages. It is not only one of the best approaches to preserve the earth environment in our time, also leaving enough resource and technology accumulation to next generations building a healthy and efficient society. It is a long journey to achieve this promising change with difficulties in terms of cost, no-fossil fuel energy distribution,Show MoreRelatedThe Global Consumption Of Oil904 Words   |  4 PagesThe global consumption of oil has been deliberately risin g for past two decades. The use of energy resources all over the world has raised concerns over the consumption of energy resources and its environmental impacts. 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The Center for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that 70.7% of adults over age 20, and 47.4% of children aged 2-19 are either overweight or obese (2015). Over the last 30 years, the number of overweight or obese cases among children tripled, and has doubled among adults according to the former U.S. Surgeon General, Dr. David Satchel (2012). ForRead MoreDeclining and Growing Powers and Empires in Europe and the Rise of United States of America1454 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom that off 1880 because there was a major shift of power in Europe between Great Britain and Germany. Germany was challenging Great Britains power outright while the United States was indirectly challenging Britain on an economic scale. This essay will demonstrate how a countrys geography directly influences its economic and military statistics from 1880-1914 and also the significant tensions between the European countries. The dominant power at 1880 was GreatRead MoreFossil Fuels : The Global Energy Problem1352 Words   |  6 Pagescornerstone of the world energy production. Oil is the most notable fossil fuel; however, coal and natural gas are also mainstream. Since global warming is the most important environmental problem the world faces and the cause is from greenhouse gases, many look to renewable energy resources to resolve the environment and energy crisis. The Global Energy Problem For many years, the world has been in an ongoing debate and struggle on what to do with our energy production and reservesRead MoreThe World s Population Growth1099 Words   |  5 Pagesin the developing world. On top of that, the world’s population will continue to develop toward urban areas having approximately 70% living in urban populations by 2050 as compared to around fifty percent today. The world has faced an unprecedented rise in population during the past century having dramatic shifts in the production and consumption of food and for the most part has accommodated this population explosion, but with the changes in the consumption of meats in the world, the strain on resources

A library of ancient information Free Essays

Inside most of the cells in each human being resides molecules known as DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid. These molecules are made up of four different bases which are assigned the letters G, C, A and T (for guanine, cytosine, adenine and thymine) and the manner by which these bases are arranged or sequenced defines the particular kind of protein that they will give rise to. Given that humans are highly complex organisms, it is natural and correct to assume that we are made up of a huge number of different proteins that are coded for by an equally large number of different DNA sequences known as genes (Krogh, 2003). We will write a custom essay sample on A library of ancient information or any similar topic only for you Order Now The totality of an organism’s genes is known as its genome and since each gene provides the instructions for making a specific protein, the genome can be thought of as a collection or library of instruction manuals for producing all the proteins necessary for an organism to function normally and survive (Krogh, 2003). This collection though, is not one that is built up as the organism grows but rather, one that is inherited from the organism’s parents. Human beings have 46 sets of these instruction manuals called chromosomes. Chromosomes come in pairs but during reproduction, only half of each pair is passed on by each parent to their offspring so that the offspring would likewise end up having a total of 46 chromosomes (Krogh, 2003). This goes on for each new generation of offspring produced and so if we try to trace things back we can imagine how we have, for example, inherited the gene for our particular hair color from either our mother or father, and how they in turn have likewise inherited theirs from either of their parents. Going a long way back towards our ancestors’ generation, we can therefore imagine ourselves as having inherited inside us a library of ancient instruction manuals which tell our body how to produce proteins practically the same way that they have been produced in our ancestors. Naturally though it would be expected that during the course of time, modifications may have been made in these instructions but the fact still remains that these basic instructions were passed on from one generation to the next so that the information it carries may serve succeeding generations. How to cite A library of ancient information, Essay examples

BBC - Events Planning and Management

Question: Describe about is shrinking budget or short lead times the number one challenge facing the event industry today? Answer: This essay is about the different challenges that the event management companies face today. In particular, shrinkage of budgets and short lead times are focused onto, to judge whether they are number one problem that these companies face. Have we ever wondered how does the Opening ceremony of Olympic Games come into action? Have we ever wondered about how beautiful fireworks show come alive? We must have visited some birthday party and admired the decoration and arrangements. We must have gone to a college fest and enjoyed ourselves. We all must have watched Kate Middleton sat I do. Did we ever think of how these things were organised? Its all because of some event management company. The professionals work day and night to create the best results possible for guests, sponsors, stakeholders, spectators. Event management mean to co-ordinate, run, and plan an event. They try their best to put forward a planned, nicely conducted, and enjoyable event. Now-a-days, event management teams are needed in all sectors. They include entertainment, government, finance, fashion, music, sport. So, their job has a large range of thrilling challenges and different situations. Event management at present is a million dollar industry an d is growing very fast (Nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk, 2015). The event organizer always wants to make best for the client and most appropriate for the occasion. Cutting short of the budget by the client is a normal phenomenon because everyone wants to save more and spend less. As the economic decline continues event organizers and managers have to provide uncommon, motivational events on smaller and tighter allocation of budgets (Liverpoolchamber.org.uk, 2015).As opined by Sheehan et al., (2006), as a result of shortage of budget the Event Organizer always tries to provide their employer with unique and creative solutions to fight against the shrinkage of budget. This results in the invention of many techniques which was previously unknown. Such an example is the use of graphics in making films which helps the producer to cut short his budget and also saves a lot of time. According to Parry (2015), it has been observed that there has been a reduction in budget of around 20% from their original budget during the past 2 3 years as reported by respondent event manager personnel. Recently most of the companies have started planning events in house and around 1/3 of the clients organize it only to reduce their budget. More than 20 events a year are promoted by a single company hence if the event manager is not able to cut short their initially allotted budget then it will be very difficult for them to maintain or to get the next contract for his company. While doing so sometimes event managers have to compromise with the quality of their service as a result the event standard deteriorates. As stated by Bowdin et al (2012), budgets should be changed according to the circumstances. The shortening of the budget may result in behavioural changes in the event managers. This change may cause a drastic effect on their business. The budget when decreased de-motivates the employees as a result the whole event may be compromised. The spending within the budget creates a use it otherwise loose it mentality in the event managers so they try to spend little and save most. This less spending of the event managers may affect the quality of the event (Usenix.org, 2015). Managers become very preoccupied with reviewing the budget with the customer and mostly forget to focus about the actual issues which would help him in winning of customers (Bbc.co.uk, 2013). As stated by Bladen (2012), the reduction in budget creates a rivalry among the event managers which help them to bring out more efficient ways of conducting an event in lower and affordable cost. This is a healthy competition where the event managers are always facing challenge to think of ideas which would make their event more successful as well as affordable. Lead time is the time between the start and execution of a particular process. In event management, it is the time taken to complete a project. Different events need different lead time for its completion. Short lead time is a common problem faced by most of the event management companies. It is becoming a challenge day by day (Middlebury, 2010). Short lead times are gaining prominence in today's times. Event management companies think they will face this challenge in future. If budgets are signed off earlier, the additional time may be used appropriately for sourcing the cost effective and desirable venue. Suppliers can help in delivering unique and more memorable events. It gives a good return on the investment. It is a trend now in event industry to work in shorter lead times. Some clients have a typical 12 month planning cycle but now most events take place in 3 months lead time. Every planner loves the long lead times and is found loathing the short lead times (Liverpoolchamber. org.uk, 2015). Clients who give short lead times do not realise that giving longer lead times would have helped them in making the event successful. Due to short lead times, the roles and responsibilities of each become clear for the event management professionals. There is no room for error in case of the misunderstandings if there is short time in hand (Liverpoolchamber.org.uk, 2015). According to Mehndiratta (2008), often event managers get sleepless nights due to short lead times. They get last minute instructions to plan an event. Thus, the planners and managers can prove themselves to be amazing in managing everything in short lead times. So often, they take up the challenge in a positive way. As stated by Whitfordet al. (2013) there are certain disadvantages of short lead times that have become a challenge for the industry. They include higher last minute transport fares, higher cost of printings, difficulties in group booking, few venue options, and fewer choices of entertainment packages. Creativity is hindered. The creativity of the planners is not showcased to the fullest. Planners get in dilemma on whether to explain the clients the drawbacks of giving short lead times or whether to deliver better in short lead times. They face these challenges and it becomes difficult to come up with the solutions.Often certain things are compromised with. Everything that is wanted may not be achieved. The time has to be spent wisely. Staying focused is the key to success. So event managers often find it difficult to put up an event in very short time. It possesses a challenge for them (Liverpoolchamber.org.uk, 2015). Mehndiratta (2008) states that the practise of giving shorter dea dlines has turned into business and now planners get little time to pull things together. Even though proliferation of shorter lead times is getting better, it is still now a problem (Ignitemag.ca, 2015). There is disagreement on whether lead times have got longer for big events. Boag and Cuskelly (2000) agrees that lead times are now shorter than what it used to be five years ago and it has brought along certain challenges. In conclusion, we can say that running such a company of event management can be difficult. It is a very complex task. Many factors influence the success of event planning. Be it a small event or be it a large event, the procedure of planning and managing is a hectic job. There are many issues that hinder the functioning of such event management industry. The two most important factors are shrinking budget and short lead times. Short time creates problems for the event managers to provide good places for their customers as because most of the good places need to be booked before a long time and cannot be booked within a short notice of time but still the event managers are able somehow to show their skills and manage well deserved place according to the event as well as great food which shows really how hard they work to make it up to the customer. Shortening of budget though makes the event planner very sceptic about the use of different products but the restriction in budget brings out the unique ideas from the event planner, which is more profitable for the customer. Indeed shrinkage in budgets and short lead times are the challenges in event management industry today. Short lead time is the number one challenge it seems. References: Bbc.co.uk, (2013).BBC - Events: Planning and Management - myRisks Information. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/safety/resources/aztopics/event-planning-management.html [Accessed 6 Jul. 2015]. Boag, A. and Cuskelly, G. (2000).Event management. Belconnen, ACT: Australian Sports Commission. Ignitemag.ca, (2015).Incentives + Meetings | Short Lead Times | Ignite Magazine. [online] Available at: https://ignitemag.ca/incentives_meetings/event_short_lead_times [Accessed 3 Jul. 2015]. Liverpoolchamber.org.uk, (2015).The Top 10 Challenges Facing Event Organisers - Liverpool Chamber of Commerce. [online] Available at: https://www.liverpoolchamber.org.uk/article.aspx/show/2321 [Accessed 3 Jul. 2015]. Mehndiratta, V. (2008).Event management. Chandigarh, India: Abhishek Publications. Middlebury, (2010).Event Planning - How much lead time is required to plan an event?. [online] Available at: https://www.middlebury.edu/offices/business/scheduling/EventFAQ/node/153091 [Accessed 3 Jul. 2015]. Nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk, (2015).Events manager Job Information | National Careers Service. [online] Available at: https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/eventsmanager.aspx [Accessed 6 Jul. 2015]. Parry, A. (2013).Top challenges for event organisers in 2013 by Rachael Cotton, head of trade and corporate sales, Alton Towers Resort - Event Industry News. [online] Event Industry News. Available at: https://www.eventindustrynews.co.uk/festivals-outdoor-event-news/top-challenges-for-event-organisers-in-2013-by-rachael-cotton-head-of-trade-and-corporate-sales-alton-towers-resort/?utm_source=feedburnerutm_medium=feedutm_campaign=Feed%3A%20event-industry-news%20(Event%20Indu [Accessed 6 Jul. 2015]. Usenix.org, (2015).Challenges in Event Management | USENIX. [online] Available at: https://www.usenix.org/publications/login/august14/paree [Accessed 6 Jul. 2015]. Whitford, M., Dunn, A. and Cooper, C. (2013).Event Management. Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers Ltd. Bowdin, G., Allen, J., Harris, R., McDonnell, I. and O'Toole, W. (2012).Events Management. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Sheehan, M., Diggs-Brown, B., Newsom, D., Grellier, J. and Shone, A. (2006).ALR279 public relations and event management. Bladen, C. (2012).Events management. London: Routledge.